Regeneration of islet cell
Detailed
Human pancreatic islets refer to endocrine cell clusters in pancreatic organs that play a role in regulating changes in blood glucose, and mainly include four types of cells, alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, and PP cells. Islet PP cells account for the smallest proportion of islet cells, about 1%, secrete pancreatic polypeptide; δ cells account for 6%~15%, secrete somatostatin; α cells account for 24%~40%, secrete glucagon; Beta cells account for the largest proportion, 60% to 80%, and secrete insulin. Glucagon and insulin are the two most important endocrine hormones that regulate the changes in human blood glucose: glucagon can increase the glucose content in human blood to ensure that the body produces enough heat to maintain function; insulin, on the contrary, can lower blood sugar The concentration promotes the transport of glucose in the blood to the liver and muscle to store synthetic glycogen. Isolation and preservation of pancreatic islet cells can be used in basic scientific research, including drug toxicology research, endocrine research, diabetes mechanism research, diabetes treatment research, etc. More importantly, combined with 3D bioprinting technology or pancreatic islet group reconstruction technology. The final application is clinically cure type 1 diabetes.
However, islet cells mainly come from clinical donations, including: 1) Adult pancreas donors: clinically, the transplantation of donor pancreas directly into type 1 diabetes patients is a small-scale transplant operation, and the islets in the pancreas are isolated and purified The islet transplantation operation that comes out and then transplanted into the liver of the patient has the advantages of little side effects, minimally invasive, safe and effective, and is more popular with medical workers. However, the team that is subject to domestic islet isolation and purification technology is seriously inadequate, and most of the pancreas donors in the clinic are not yet available for diabetes treatment; 2) Pancreas in patients with acute pancreatitis: unsatisfactory drug treatment and repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis Patients can only choose to surgically remove the pancreas. Main issues: 1) limited sources, 2) ethical issues, 3) batch differences. Therefore, how to regenerate islet cells has become an important research direction in this field.
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Regeneration of islet cell